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Homology (biology)
In the context of biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different species. A common example of homologous structures in evolutionary biology are the wings of bats and the arms of primates.〔 Evolutionary theory explains the existence of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.
In the context of sexual differentiation—the process of development of the differences between males and females from an undifferentiated fertilized egg—the male and female organs are homologous if they develop from the same embryonic tissue. A typical example is the ovaries of female humans and the testicles of male humans.〔
==Etymology==
The word homology, coined in about 1656, derives from the Greek ὁμόλογος ''homologos'' from ὁμός ''homos'' "same" and λόγος ''logos'' "relation". In biology, two things are homologous if they bear the same relationship to one another, such as a certain bone in various forms of the "hand".
Ray Lankester defined the terms "homogeny", meaning homology due to inheritance from a common ancestor, and "homoplasy", meaning homology due to other factors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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